tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-25927210309510441412024-03-05T13:00:11.150-08:00Usos y Propiedades de los ÓxidosMaría Pía Ruíz Orellanahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05643354142432240977noreply@blogger.comBlogger3125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2592721030951044141.post-9236854887934308252011-11-17T16:45:00.000-08:002011-11-17T16:45:26.280-08:00Propiedades de los Óxidos<ul><li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 16px;">Cuando un elemento se combina con el oxigeno , el producto resultante es un óxido.</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 16px;"> </span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 16px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black; font-family: sans-serif; line-height: 19px;">Óxidos binarios, formados por </span>oxígeno<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black; font-family: sans-serif; line-height: 19px;"> y otro elemento.</span></span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 16px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black; font-family: sans-serif; line-height: 19px;">Óxidos mixtos, formados por dos elementos distintos y oxígeno como son las espinelas.</span></span></li>
</ul><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;"><br />
</span></span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;">Ejemplos de Óxidos:</span></span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;"><br />
</span></span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 16px;">Óxidos Básicos:</span><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 16px;" /><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 16px;">1- óxido de litio= 4Li +O2---> 2Li20.</span><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 16px;" /><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 16px;">2- óxido de Aluminio: 2Al2O3.</span><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 16px;" /><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 16px;">3- O. de Sodio= 2NaO.</span><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 16px;" /><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 16px;">4- Ó. de Plata= 2AgO2.</span><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 16px;" /><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 16px;">5- Ó. de Calcio= CaO.</span><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 16px;" /><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 16px;">6- O. de Bario= BaO.</span><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 16px;" /><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 16px;">7- O. de Magnesio= MgO</span><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 16px;" /><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 16px;">8-Ó. de Potasio= 2KO</span><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 16px;" /><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 16px;">9- O. Niquélico= Ni2O3.</span><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 16px;" /><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 16px;">10- O. Ferroso= FeO</span><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 16px;" /><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 16px;">11- O. Estánnico= SnO2</span><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 16px;" /><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 16px;">12. O. Plumboso= PbO</span><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 16px;" /><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 16px;">13.O. Plúmbico= PbO2 </span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 16px;">14- O. Mercúrico= HgO</span><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 16px;" /><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 16px;">15- O. Áurico= Au2O3.</span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 16px;"><br />
</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiiecKsjaFCfqDErOgaZfbImKZ4IV5N2uVUDqN3RDz6mp5Gl6PQinbKI4l9BCHjrpsCSXkWrnxoIOzZcF5VxiU3amAuEoDSoN8ugQFokm3oKrnFjCW5ypA3VKmAzNyxDh0BTuTGcDmyhyqr/s1600/20110405044642-lluvia-acida.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="260" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiiecKsjaFCfqDErOgaZfbImKZ4IV5N2uVUDqN3RDz6mp5Gl6PQinbKI4l9BCHjrpsCSXkWrnxoIOzZcF5VxiU3amAuEoDSoN8ugQFokm3oKrnFjCW5ypA3VKmAzNyxDh0BTuTGcDmyhyqr/s400/20110405044642-lluvia-acida.png" width="400" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 16px;"><br />
</span></div>María Pía Ruíz Orellanahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05643354142432240977noreply@blogger.com4tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2592721030951044141.post-41558184625567295132011-11-17T16:14:00.000-08:002011-11-17T16:14:32.243-08:00Usos importantes de los óxidos<ol><li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 16px;">Los óxidos se utilizan en la industria para elaborar colorantes como masillas, para producir fertilizantes que combatan problemas de acidez en los suelos como el Oxido de Calcio, Oxido de Magnesio.</span></span></span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 16px;">También se usan para </span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif; line-height: 16px;">para producir acidos en union con el agua, para producir explosivos como la polvora y algunas oportunidades para obtener algunos elementos en particular</span></li>
</ol><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 16px;"><br />
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</span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg4twXqBsXGgbrYdEr9lMt_7l2JPcfTj6R6eMa4OIdsdC2QSm6HCzs1sqjlTVFGHHQwZgEqKN6HEAaKKbMW4g9XQ12_n7YEs8BjkCadPSwBvzBSqGfpdkaIoL0NBnhN3N8VcCd52mLu-H7O/s1600/PropOxido8.gif" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg4twXqBsXGgbrYdEr9lMt_7l2JPcfTj6R6eMa4OIdsdC2QSm6HCzs1sqjlTVFGHHQwZgEqKN6HEAaKKbMW4g9XQ12_n7YEs8BjkCadPSwBvzBSqGfpdkaIoL0NBnhN3N8VcCd52mLu-H7O/s1600/PropOxido8.gif" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">Ejemplos de óxidos</div><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 16px;"><br />
</span></span></div>María Pía Ruíz Orellanahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05643354142432240977noreply@blogger.com4tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2592721030951044141.post-3846010996017618602011-11-17T16:04:00.000-08:002011-11-17T16:04:11.897-08:00Que es un Óxido?<span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;">Un </span><span style="background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;">óxido</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;"> es un compuesto binario que contiene uno o varios </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; color: black; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; text-decoration: none;">átomos</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; text-decoration: none;"> de oxígeno </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; text-decoration: none;"> y otros elemento. </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; text-decoration: none;">Existe una gran variedad de óxidos, algunos de los cuales pueden encontrarse en estado </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-origin: initial; line-height: 19px;">gaseoso</span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; text-decoration: none;">, otros en estado </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-origin: initial; line-height: 19px;">líquido</span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; text-decoration: none;"> y otros en estado </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: x-small; line-height: 19px; text-decoration: none;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-origin: initial; line-height: 19px;">sólido.</span></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; font-family: sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-origin: initial;"></span></span><br />
<div style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em; text-decoration: none;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; font-family: sans-serif;">Los óxidos son muy comunes y variados en la <span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;">corteza terrestre</span>. Los óxidos no metálicos también son llamados anhídridos porque son compuestos que han perdido una <span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;">molécula</span> de <span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;">agua</span> dentro de sus moléculas. Por ejemplo, al hidratar <span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;">anhídrido carbónico</span> en determinadas condiciones puede obtenerse <span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;">ácido </span>carbónico: </span>CO<sub style="line-height: 1em;">2</sub> + H<sub style="line-height: 1em;">2</sub>O → H<sub style="line-height: 1em;">2</sub>CO<sub style="line-height: 1em;">3</sub></span></div><div style="font-family: sans-serif; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em; text-decoration: none;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; font-family: sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 10px;"></span></span></div><a name='more'></a><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; font-family: sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"><br />
</span><br />
<div style="font-family: sans-serif; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em; text-decoration: none;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 10px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;">Tipos de Óxidos: </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">Existen dos tipos de óxidos.</span></span></div><div style="font-family: sans-serif; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em; text-decoration: none;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 10px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span></span></div><div style="margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em;"></div><ul><li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 10px;">Metal+ Oxígeno = Óxido básico.</span></span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 10px;">No metal + Oxígeno = Óxido ácido.</span></span></li>
</ul><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 10px;"><br />
</span></span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 10px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;">Nombres de los Óxidos:<br />
</span></span></div><div><div style="font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em;"></div><ul><li>Los óxidos se pueden nombrar según el número de átomos de oxígeno en el óxido (nomenclatura sistemática), o monóxido; los que contienen dos átomos de oxígeno, dióxido; tres, trióxido; cuatro, tetraóxido; y así sucesivamente siguiendo los prefijos numéricos griegos.</li>
</ul><br />
<div style="font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em;">*También se pueden nombrar usando otras nomenclaturas</div></div><br />
<div style="font-family: sans-serif; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em; text-decoration: none;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 10px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"><br />
</span></span></div><dl style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.2em; text-decoration: none;"><dd style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.1em; margin-left: 2em;"><sub style="line-height: 1em;">
</sub></dd></dl></span>María Pía Ruíz Orellanahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05643354142432240977noreply@blogger.com2